Definitions #
An insurance term for damage or loss that affects only a particular shipment or part of a voyage, not the whole ship, and is borne by the owner of that cargo unless covered.
Technical In marine insurance, a partial loss not attributable to a general average act, and borne by the specific cargo owner; recovery requires the policy to extend to 'with average' or FPA (free of particular average) clauses are an exception.
Example The policy covered particular average, so the insured recovered the damage to the goods from seawater.
Etymology #
'Average' derives from French 'avarie' meaning damage to ship or cargo, and 'particular' refers to affecting a specific interest.
Collocations #
- FPA (free of particular average) 平安险，不保部分损失（通常只保全损）
- with average (WA) 水渍险，承保单独海损（含部分损失，但可能有免赔额）
- general average 共同海损，由所有获益方分摊的损失
Real Business Examples #
- The insurer declined the claim because the policy was FPA, and the damage was a particular average.
- All cargo interests share in a general average contribution, unlike a particular average.
Register & Variants #
- Register: formal
- BrE/AmE: 海运保险术语，全球通用（源自英国海上保险实践）
Synonyms & Antonyms #
- Synonyms: partial average (sometimes used)
- Antonyms: general average
Common Errors #
- 把单独海损（PA）与共同海损（GA）混淆 PA 由受损方自担；GA 需所有相关方共同分摊
- 认为 FPA 条款不承保任何部分损失 FPA 仍可承保因共同海损牺牲或某些特定事件导致的损失
Confusable Terms #
- General Average vs Particular Average
- GA 是共同风险下的牺牲，由所有利益方分摊；PA 是单一货主的损失，自行承担
Frequently Asked Questions
单独海损是否一定可以获得保险赔偿？?
不一定，取决于保险条款是否承保部分损失（如 WA）和免赔额
FPA 和 WA 的区别是什么？?
FPA 只赔全损，WA 赔部分损失（有免赔额），但 WA 通常更贵
货物受损，是单独海损还是共同海损？?
如果损失是为了共同安全而故意造成的，则可能属共同海损；意外发生的则属单独海损
Published: 2026-09-23 Category: Cargo Insurance